Samuel r



(No Model.)

S. R. HAWTHORNE.

ROOF.

Patented June '7, 1892.

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SAMUEL R. IIAlVTHORNE, OF MIDDLEBURY, VERMONT.

ROOF.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 476,381, dated June 7',1892.

Application filed June 7, 1890. Serial No. 854,659. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern;

Be it known that I, SAMUEL R. HAWTHORNE, of Middlebury, in the county ofAddison and State of Vermont, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Roofs, of which the following is a full, clear, andexact description, whereby any one skilled in the art can make and usethe same.

The object of my invention is to provide devices that may be so arrangedas to enable a slater to cover more su rface with a given 11 umber ofslates by the practice of my invention than is possible with any priormethod or fastening; and a further object is to provide devices forbetter protecting the slated roof from stress of weather and againstinjury and wear.

My invention consists in the novel construction of parts and theircombination, as will be hereinafter fully described, and particularlypointed out in the claims.

Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 is a detail perspective view of apart of a roof, illustrating the manner of laying the slates andsecuring them. Fig. 2 is a detail edge View of the same. Fig. 3 is adetail perspective view of a bib. Fig. 4. is a detail perspective viewof a part of the edge of a roof, showing the eaves-protector. Fig. 5 isa detail view of the crest-rail fastening. Fig. 6 is a detail end viewof the same. Fig. 7 is a detail plan view illustrating a modified formof employing the fastening-hooks. Fig. 8 is a view showing thearrangement of the under laps or eaves course.

In the accompanying drawings, the letter a denotes a portion of a roof;b, the roof-covering, usually of boards nailed onto the rafters, and cthe slates.

In the practice of one feature of my invention I first lay the under lapor eaves course 0 of short slate, and then lay on a bib (Z, that isplaced in such a position that it extends beyond the upper edge e" ofthe eaves course, as indicated at 0 in dotted outline in Fig. l of thedrawings. This bib is made of a thin sheet of metal with an upturnededge (1, and having a shoulder d" at some distance from the lower edgeof the bib, this shoulder being formed by turning down the edge of thethin metal of which the bib maybe formed, or being otherwise made. Thereis preferably formed in the upturned edge d a socket or opening (Z inwhich the shank of a fastener e lies, as illustrated in the drawings.This bib may be formed of any convenient metal, as lead, copper, orzinc, and is preferably made from thin sheet metal, with the downturnedflange extending a portion of the way along both edges, as illustratedin Fig. 3.

The object of the bib is to form a stop for the upper edge of the slate,to pack the joint between the slates, and also to support the slatewhere it extends from its hearing at its lap on one course to itsbearing on the roof near the upper edge of the slate.

The fastener e is formed of metal, preferably a wire, although its shapein cross-section is immaterial. The shank e of the fastener terminatesat one end with a downturned sharpened point e" and at the other in ahook e the fastener being secured to the roof by driving the sharpenedendinto the board in such manner that the shank lies along the roof andthe hook projects up in such position that the lower edge of a slate canbe thrust into it and held.

The bib d, that serves the purpose of a lining-strip and gage forlocating the slate, is held from sidewise movement by the contact of theshoulder cl with the upper edge of a course of slate and also with thefastener that extends over the upper edge of the bib, and lies in suchposition that its hooked end projects up between two adjacent slates inthe joint between them, and care is taken that the hooked ends of thefasteners terminate on a line parallel with the upper edge of the courseof slates. The next course of slates is then laid, after the bibs andthe next row of hooks are secured in place, by thrusting the lower edgeof the slate into engagement with the hooked end of the fastener andarranging the upper edge so as to bear on the flange cl at the upperedge of the bib. WVhen slates are so laid, one of them can be removedreadily by driving slightly upward and lifting its lower edge out ofengagement with the hook, the fastener being made, preferably, ofsomewhat resilient wire or metallic strip, so that the tendency of thefastener is to hold a slate close down upon the underlying course, whichits lower end overlaps.

Instead of providing the bib with downturned flanges a 'wedgeshapedbacking-strip of wood may be placed underneath it and serve the purposeof a support when the bib is made of extremely-thin metal.

It is of advantage in some cases to have the boarding of the roof laidin strips 6 at an interval less than the length of a slate, so that thelatter may be laid and rest upon two adjacent strips. The hook is drivenin one of the strips, and the bib extends over that strip across theopen space between the strips onto the next one below, where it overlapsthe next previous row of slates, as described. The obj ect of providingopen intervals between the strips is to so ventilate the roof as to keepthe slates cooler than is possible where they are laid on a tight boardcovering. The object of this is to prevent the melting of snow and iceby reason of any heat communicating from the room immediately below theroof.

In order to prevent the storms from driving in under the edges of theslates, I provide a protector g, that is made, preferably, of metal, ascopper, with one edge inserted under the edges of the slate andextending along the edge of the roof. The protector is bent downward andthen upward and back again, so as to overlie the edge of the slates, inwhich position it is fastened,as bydriving nailsthrough and through thematerial into the roofing. A channel g is thus formed along the edge,and its lower end may be connected with the conductor or eaves-trough,into which any water which accumulates in the protector may flow.

At the ridge a the roof is provided with a crest-rod 71, held on abracket or support 1,

that is made of two pieces of metal t" t'. The

piece 2' has a central part 1 bent to form a tubular socket to embracethe crest-rod h, and the piece 2" is provided with two strips orextensions at its upper edge arranged to lie on opposite sides of theprojection from the piece 2'", but turned in the opposite direction toform the tubular part that embraces the rod. In such a clamping devicethe rod h is securely held in position as soon as the brackets arefastened to the roof.

The hooked end of the fastener may have an upturned part, forming ofitself a species of snow-guard to prevent the snow and ice from slidingdownward on the roof, or this upturned extension of the hook may formthe direct support for a separate guard that is slipped upon it.

It will be perceived that by the use of the fasteninghook, as shown inFig. 8 of the drawings, each slate is secured on at least three sides bythe hook, the shank lying between or just below the level of the slateswith the hooked end rising between the slates in any given course inproper position to engage the lower edge ofthe slate of the next courseabove that breaks joint with the lower course. The slates are securelyheld, so that neither one of them can be removed, the upper course ofslates abutting at their upper edge against the edge of the ridge-poleor crest-board.

I claim as my invention-- 1. In combination with a roof-coveringcomposed of boarding and slate, the improved bib made of thin metal withone end having an upturned flange and provided at its sides withdownturned flanges terminating in a shoulder, all substantially asdescribed.

2. In a roofing, in combination with the slate-fastening devices andslates, the twopart bracket 6, having the interlocking tubular armsforming the railsocket and fastening, all substantially as described.

SAMUEL R. HANTI'IORNE. lVitnesses:

' CHAS. L. BURDETT,

ARTHUR B. JENKINS.

